GS2 · Polity · Governance · IR · 25
Why in news: The UPSC expanded restrictions on Civil Services Examination (CSE) applications for candidates already allotted IPS or Group 'A' services, requiring face authentication and live photo capture.
The UPSC notification mandates face authentication and live photo capture during the application process starting in 2026. Candidates allotted IPS or Group 'A' services must obtain a one-time training exemption or resign to remain eligible for subsequent CSEs.
Prelims pointers (4)
- BodyUPSC: Union Public Service Commission is the body responsible for conducting the Civil Services Examination.
- FactThe UPSC aims to fill approximately 933 vacancies in the current year.
- Fact33 vacancies are specifically reserved for Persons with Benchmark Disability (PwBD) in the current year's recruitment.
- S&TFace authentication and live photo capture are the mandated technical requirements for the 2026 CSE application process.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss how the integration of biometric authentication and live photo capture in civil service recruitment serves to enhance integrity and prevent impersonation.
- Identity verification: Mitigating risks of proxy candidates through real-time biometric data capture
- Administrative accountability: Balancing procedural rigor with the rights of candidates already allotted services
Keywords: Integrity · Biometric Authentication · Administrative Transparency · Public Service Recruitment · Identity Verification
The Hindu ↗+1 more on this story Why in news: Ukraine and Russia concluded a second day of US-led peace talks in Abu Dhabi, resulting in a prisoner exchange agreement despite a lack of a final peace breakthrough.
The talks were led by the United States in Abu Dhabi. The two sides reached an agreement to exchange 157 prisoners of war. Steve Witkoff, Donald Trump’s special envoy, moderated the discussions.
Prelims pointers (3)
- Fact157 prisoners of war were agreed to be exchanged between Ukraine and Russia.
- PlaceAbu Dhabi, UAE served as the venue for the US-led peace talks.
- PostSteve Witkoff served as Donald Trump’s special envoy for the peace talks.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the role of third-party mediation in resolving protracted international conflicts and the challenges posed by maximalist territorial demands in peace negotiations.
- Diplomatic deadlock: Conflict between maximalist territorial demands and viable peace settlement frameworks
- Mediation efficacy: Role of US-led special envoys in facilitating high-level prisoner exchanges and de-escalation
Keywords: diplomatic mediation · prisoner exchange · territorial integrity · peace settlement · multilateral engagement
Why in news: India and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) signed terms of reference to initiate negotiations for a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) to boost bilateral trade and investment.
India and the GCC (a union of six countries) signed the terms of reference for FTA talks. India's exports to the GCC grew by approximately one percent in 2024-25.
Prelims pointers (4)
- FactIndia's exports to the GCC grew by about one percent in 2024-25
- FactIndia predominantly imports crude oil and natural gas from Gulf nations
- FactIndia exports pearls, precious stones, metals, and chemicals to the GCC
- BodyGCC: A union of six countries in the Gulf region
Mains angle
Q. Discuss how a Free Trade Agreement with the Gulf Cooperation Council can diversify India's energy security and enhance its export footprint in the Middle East.
- Trade diversification: Reducing reliance on specific energy imports while expanding non-oil export markets
- Geopolitical alignment: Strengthening economic ties to counter regional competition and secure maritime trade routes
Keywords: bilateral trade · Free Trade Agreement · energy security · export diversification · GCC
Why in news: The US launched a plan to establish a trade zone for critical minerals involving several global partners to counter China's dominance in the electronics and electric vehicle manufacturing supply chains.
The initiative includes the US, UK, EU, Japan, India, South Korea, Australia, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. The US strategy involves deploying billions into mining projects and using tariffs to prevent low prices from deterring investment.
Prelims pointers (3)
- FactThe US plan involves deploying billions of dollars into mining projects for critical minerals.
- PlaceThe Democratic Republic of Congo is one of the key partners in the proposed critical minerals trade zone.
- FactThe trade zone aims to secure minerals essential for manufacturing electronics and electric vehicles.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss how the formation of exclusive mineral trade zones by Western powers impacts the global supply chain and India's strategic autonomy in the green energy transition.
- Geopolitical fragmentation: Risk of 'minerals-blocs' creating trade barriers and disrupting global market equilibrium.
- Supply chain diversification: Reducing reliance on Chinese processing while navigating high capital costs of new mining projects.
- Strategic autonomy: India's balancing act between Western security-led trade zones and maintaining neutral trade ties with China.
Keywords: Supply chain resilience · Critical minerals · Trade protectionism · Strategic autonomy · Green transition
Why in news: Commerce Minister Piyush Goyal confirmed that India and the United States are expected to finalize and sign a joint statement for a Bilateral Trade Agreement within 4-5 days.
The agreement aims to reduce tariffs on Indian goods to 18% and is expected to be finalized by mid-March. The pact specifically excludes any investment commitments.
Prelims pointers (3)
- FactTariff reduction: The agreement will reduce tariffs on Indian goods to 18%.
- PostPiyush Goyal: Serving as the Commerce Minister of India.
- FactInvestment commitments: The trade pact does not include any investment commitments.
Mains angle
Q. Analyze the significance of bilateral trade agreements in enhancing India's position in global value chains and its impact on domestic manufacturing.
- Trade-off analysis: Balancing tariff reductions with the protection of domestic MSMEs
- Strategic alignment: Leveraging bilateral trade to diversify supply chains away from single-source dependencies
Keywords: Bilateral Trade Agreement · Tariff Reduction · Trade Liberalization · Global Value Chains · Trade Diplomacy
GS2International Relations › Policies of other countries affecting IndiaPrelims + Mains Why in news: UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres praised India's leadership in hosting the first-ever India–AI Impact Summit 2026 in New Delhi.
The India–AI Impact Summit 2026 is scheduled for February 19-20, 2026, in New Delhi. It focuses on the principles of 'People, Planet, and Progress' and involves the UN's Independent International Scientific Panel on AI.
Prelims pointers (4)
- PostAntonio Guterres: Secretary-General of the United Nations
- PlaceIndia–AI Impact Summit 2026: To be held in New Delhi
- FactSummit Theme: 'People, Planet, and Progress'
- BodyIndependent International Scientific Panel on AI: Established through the Global Digital Compact
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the significance of multilateral cooperation in establishing global governance frameworks for Artificial Intelligence to ensure ethical and inclusive technological progress.
- Regulatory arbitrage: Risk of fragmented national AI policies undermining global safety standards
- Digital divide: Ensuring AI benefits reach the Global South through inclusive multilateral frameworks
- Ethical oversight: Balancing rapid technological innovation with human rights and environmental sustainability
Keywords: Global Governance · Multilateralism · Artificial Intelligence · Digital Compact · Technological Sovereignty
Why in news: The Supreme Court directed the West Bengal government to pay 25% of the outstanding dearness allowance (DA) to its employees for the period 2008-2019.
The Supreme Court ruled that the payment of DA is a legally enforceable right. The state was ordered to pay 25% of the outstanding amount by March 31, with a committee formed to plan the remaining 75% payment.
Prelims pointers (2)
- FactThe court ordered the payment of 25% of the outstanding DA by March 31.
- FactThe period of outstanding DA covers the years 2008 to 2019.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the role of the judiciary in ensuring the protection of employees' rights against executive inaction in state governments.
- Executive accountability: Ensuring timely disbursement of statutory allowances to state employees
- Judicial oversight: Balancing judicial intervention with state fiscal management and budgetary constraints
Keywords: Judicial Review · Legally Enforceable Right · Executive Accountability · Fiscal Management · Employee Welfare
Why in news: The Karnataka State Cabinet approved amendments to the Gram Swaraj and Panchayat Raj (Amendment) Bill, 2026, to reinstate ballot papers in local body elections.
The Karnataka State Cabinet approved the Gram Swaraj and Panchayat Raj (Amendment) Bill, 2026, and the Karnataka Police (Amendment) bill, 2026. The latter allows for the transfer of suspended officials facing dereliction of duty or misconduct.
Prelims pointers (3)
- Act / BillGram Swaraj and Panchayat Raj (Amendment) Bill, 2026: Proposed to reinstate ballot papers in local body elections in Karnataka
- Act / BillKarnataka Police (Amendment) bill, 2026: Provides for the transfer of suspended officials for misconduct or dereliction of duty
- FactKarnataka Minorities Development Corporation: One-time settlement scheme for loans borrowed between 2013 and 2019 with interest waiver
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the significance of ensuring electoral integrity in local body elections through physical ballot systems versus electronic voting mechanisms.
- Electoral integrity: Mitigating technical glitches and ensuring transparency in rural voting processes
- Administrative accountability: Balancing disciplinary actions against the rights of suspended police officials
- Fiscal management: Impact of interest waivers on the sustainability of state-run development corporations
Keywords: Electoral integrity · Decentralized governance · Administrative accountability · Fiscal policy · Local body elections
Why in news: Himachal Pradesh Chief Minister Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu announced a ban on mobile phone use in all schools across the state starting March 1, 2026, to improve academic environments.
The Himachal Pradesh Education Department will draft a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) to enforce the ban. Students found with mobile phones will face fines and device confiscation.
Prelims pointers (3)
- FactThe mobile phone ban in Himachal Pradesh schools is scheduled to begin on March 1, 2026
- BodyThe Education Department of Himachal Pradesh is responsible for drafting the SOP for compliance
- FactPenalties for violating the ban include both fines and device confiscation
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the impact of digital distractions on student well-being and suggest measures to balance technological integration with academic focus in schools.
- Pedagogical shift: Balancing the necessity of digital literacy with the risks of cognitive distraction
- Regulatory enforcement: Challenges in monitoring personal device usage within large school premises
Keywords: Digital literacy · Student well-being · Pedagogical environment · Regulatory compliance · Academic focus
The Hindu ↗+1 more on this story GS2Social Justice › Vulnerable sections (SC/ST, minorities, disabled, elderly, children)Mains Why in news: The West Bengal government presented an interim budget for 2026-27, increasing the Lakshmir Bhandar grant for women and launching the 'Banglar Yuba Sathi' scheme for unemployed youth.
The West Bengal government increased the monthly Lakshmir Bhandar grant by ₹500 and introduced 'Banglar Yuba Sathi' providing ₹1,500 to youth aged 21-40. The budget aims to reduce the revenue deficit from ₹41,164.05 crore to ₹21,759.34 crore in the 2026-27 fiscal year.
Prelims pointers (4)
- SchemeLakshmir Bhandar: A West Bengal state scheme providing monthly grants to women.
- SchemeBanglar Yuba Sathi: A new West Bengal scheme providing ₹1,500 to unemployed youth aged 21-40.
- FactTarget revenue deficit for 2026-27: ₹21,759.34 crore.
- FactCurrent fiscal revenue deficit: ₹41,164.05 crore.
Mains angle
Q. Examine the role of direct benefit transfer (DBT) and targeted social welfare schemes in addressing gender inequality and youth unemployment in India.
- Fiscal sustainability: Balancing high-expenditure social welfare schemes with the need to narrow the state revenue deficit.
- Targeting efficiency: Ensuring that unemployment aid reaches the intended demographic without leakage or exclusion errors.
- Human capital investment: Impact of providing direct grants versus skill-based training for long-term employment.
Keywords: Direct Benefit Transfer · Fiscal Deficit · Social Welfare · Gender Empowerment · Human Capital
GS2Governance › Transparency, accountability & RTIPrelims + Mains Why in news: The Supreme Court upheld the Telangana High Court's decision to overturn the free allotment of land to the International Arbitration & Mediation Centre (IAMC)
The Supreme Court declined to intervene in the Telangana High Court's ruling against the free land allotment to the IAMC. The High Court expressed concerns regarding the IAMC's financial sustainability despite receiving annual financial assistance from the state government.
Prelims pointers (3)
- BodyIAMC: International Arbitration & Mediation Centre
- PlaceTelangana High Court: State High Court of Telangana
- FactThe court ruled that gratuitous distribution of natural resources is unsustainable and contrary to procedure.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the importance of transparency and procedural fairness in the allocation of natural resources by state governments to private or semi-autonomous bodies.
- Fiscal accountability: Risk of creating 'white elephant' projects through gratuitous land grants without clear ROI
- Procedural integrity: Need for standardized auction or lease frameworks to prevent arbitrary resource distribution
- Institutional autonomy: Balancing state financial assistance with the financial sustainability of specialized bodies
Keywords: Transparency · Natural Resources · Fiscal Accountability · Procedural Fairness · Public Policy
GS2Polity & Constitution › Elections, ECI & electoral reformsPrelims Why in news: The Election Commission (EC) conducted briefings for 1,444 officers to be deployed as Central Observers for the upcoming Legislative Assembly elections in Assam, Kerala, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal.
The briefing was led by Chief Election Commissioner Gyanesh Kumar and Election Commissioners Sukhbir Singh Sandhu and Vivek Joshi. The session covered electoral rolls, IT applications, media-related matters, and the implementation of Assured Minimum Facilities (AMFs).
Prelims pointers (4)
- PostGyanesh Kumar: Chief Election Commissioner (CEC)
- PostSukhbir Singh Sandhu and Vivek Joshi: Election Commissioners
- Fact1,444 officers to be deployed as Central Observers
- PlaceStates involved in the briefing: Assam, Kerala, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the significance of the role of Central Observers in ensuring the integrity of the electoral process in India's federal structure.
- Logistical oversight: Ensuring uniform implementation of Assured Minimum Facilities (AMFs) across diverse states
- Neutrality mandate: Balancing accessibility to political stakeholders while maintaining impartial oversight
- Technological integrity: Managing IT applications and media-related challenges in real-time election monitoring
Keywords: electoral integrity · administrative neutrality · federal oversight · Assured Minimum Facilities · democratic transparency
GS2Polity & Constitution › Statutory, regulatory & quasi-judicial bodiesMains Why in news: The Karnataka High Court stayed a single judge's order that mandated the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) to provide free resident passes at the Somanahalli toll plaza.
The High Court, comprising Chief Justice Vibhu Bakhru and Justice C.M. Poonacha, stayed the order until April 23rd. The NHAI argued that the order conflicted with apex court judgments regarding user fee collection within municipal limits.
Prelims pointers (2)
- BodyNHAI: National Highways Authority of India
- FactThe single judge' order included a condition to move the toll plaza beyond 10 km from city limits if free passes were not issued.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the legal and logistical challenges in balancing the infrastructure development goals of the NHAI with the rights of local residents regarding toll exemptions.
- Jurisdictional conflict: Conflict between municipal limits and national highway fee collection mandates
- Revenue vs. Accessibility: Balancing NHAI's operational costs with local residents' mobility rights
- Judicial oversight: The role of High Courts in mediating infrastructure-driven public grievances
Keywords: Judicial Stay · Infrastructure Development · User Fee Collection · Public Policy · Administrative Law
Why in news: The Telangana High Court quashed a single judge's order that had cancelled the Group-1 general ranking list, ordering a re-evaluation of the Telangana Public Service Commission (TGPSC) examination.
The ruling ensures the continued appointment of 563 successful candidates who were slated to be the first batch of Group-1 officers in Telangana. The court overturned a previous decision that had invalidated the ranking list.
Prelims pointers (3)
- BodyTGPSC: Telangana Public Service Commission is the body responsible for conducting state-level civil service examinations.
- Fact563 successful candidates were eligible for appointment following the High Court's intervention.
- PlaceTelangana High Court: The judicial body that overturned the cancellation of the Group-1 ranking list.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the role of the judiciary in ensuring transparency and administrative fairness in the recruitment processes of state public service commissions.
- Judicial oversight: Balancing the court's power of judicial review with the administrative autonomy of state commissions.
- Administrative integrity: Ensuring standardized re-evaluation protocols to prevent arbitrary cancellation of merit-based ranking lists.
Keywords: Judicial Review · Administrative Fairness · Public Service Commission · Transparency · Rule of Law
GS2Governance › Transparency, accountability & RTIPrelims + Mains Why in news: The Karnataka Information Commission (KIC) reported clearing 36,474 second appeal petitions in a year, claiming the fastest disposal rate in the country due to training workshops.
The KIC declared Karnataka Milk Federation and Electronic City Industrial Township Authority (ELCITA) as public authorities. The Commission imposed fines on 245 officers for failing to provide information within stipulated timeframes.
Prelims pointers (3)
- BodyKarnataka Information Commission (KIC) is the body responsible for overseeing RTI Act implementation in Karnataka
- FactKIC cleared 36,474 second appeal petitions within the past year
- PlaceKarnataka Milk Federation and ELCITA were officially declared as public authorities
Mains angle
Q. Examine how capacity building and proactive training of public officials can enhance the efficacy of the Right to Information Act in ensuring administrative transparency.
- Institutional accountability: Use of financial penalties to deter non-compliance by public officials
- Capacity building: Impact of training workshops on first appellate authorities and public information officers
- Scope of transparency: Inclusion of federations and industrial townships as public authorities
Keywords: Right to Information · Administrative Transparency · Public Authority · Accountability · Capacity Building
GS2Polity & Constitution › Constitutional bodies (CAG, UPSC, FC, NCSC...)Prelims + Mains Why in news: The Supreme Court authorized the UPSC to address delays by states in submitting proposals for the appointment of Director General of Police (DGP) in Telangana.
The Supreme Court granted the UPSC four weeks to convene a meeting and recommend a DGP appointment for Telangana. The UPSC argued that state delays deprive meritorious officers of consideration for the position.
Prelims pointers (2)
- BodyUPSC: Union Public Service Commission is the body responsible for recommending DGP appointments.
- FactThe Supreme Court granted a four-week timeline for the UPSC to convene a meeting regarding the Telangana DGP appointment.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the institutional challenges in the appointment of senior police officers and the implications of state-level delays on the meritocratic selection process.
- Administrative bottleneck: Lack of standardized timelines for state-level submissions to the UPSC
- Meritocratic erosion: Delay in appointments affecting the career progression of senior-rank officers
- Federal friction: Coordination issues between state governments and central selection bodies
Keywords: Meritocracy · Institutional delay · Federal coordination · Administrative efficiency · Police reforms
GS2Polity & Constitution › Statutory, regulatory & quasi-judicial bodiesPrelims + Mains Why in news: The Tamil Nadu government issued a Government Order (G.O.) on January 21, 2026, to establish district-level committees to abolish the 'orderly system' in the police department.
The committees are headed by District Collectors and include officers from various ranks. They are tasked with gathering complaints, initiating action against the practice, and submitting periodic reports to the Home Secretary.
Prelims pointers (3)
- BodyDistrict-level committees for abolishing the orderly system are headed by District Collectors.
- FactThe Tamil Nadu government issued the G.O. on January 21, 2026.
- PlaceThe Madras High Court is monitoring the implementation of the G.O.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the implications of the 'orderly system' on police accountability and the necessity of institutional reforms to ensure a professional and transparent police force.
- Accountability gap: Lack of formal oversight for auxiliary staff leading to potential misuse of power
- Administrative friction: Balancing traditional police hierarchy with modern human rights-centric policing reforms
Keywords: Police Reform · Administrative Accountability · Institutional Transparency · Human Rights · Governance
Why in news: The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal clarified that India's procurement of Russian oil is driven by the priority of ensuring energy security for its 1.4 billion people.
The MEA stated that India diversifies its energy sources based on market conditions and international dynamics. The government maintains that energy security for its population is the primary guiding principle for sourcing petroleum products.
Prelims pointers (2)
- FactIndia's population is cited as 1.4 billion in the context of energy security requirements.
- PostRandhir Jaiswal serves as the spokesperson for the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA).
Mains angle
Q. Discuss how India's pursuit of energy security influences its independent foreign policy and strategic autonomy in a multipolar world.
- Strategic autonomy: Balancing energy requirements with international geopolitical pressures and sanctions.
- Market-driven diplomacy: Prioritizing domestic demand and economic stability over ideological alignment in resource procurement.
Keywords: Strategic Autonomy · Energy Security · Diversification · Multipolarity · Resource Diplomacy
Why in news: PM Narendra Modi and Sri Lankan President Anura Kumara Dissanayake inaugurated an exposition of the Devnimori relics of Lord Buddha in Colombo to strengthen civilisational bonds.
The Devnimori relics originated from Gujarat, India, and are being exhibited at the Gangaramaya Temple in Colombo from February 4-11. The exposition coincided with Sri Lanka's Independence Day.
Prelims pointers (4)
- PlaceDevnimori relics: Originating from Gujarat, India
- PlaceGangaramaya Temple: Location of the exposition in Colombo, Sri Lanka
- FactIndia previously organized similar expositions in Sri Lanka in 2012 and 2018
- FactRelics arrived in Colombo on February 4th, coinciding with Sri Lanka's Independence Day
Mains angle
Q. Discuss how cultural and spiritual diplomacy can serve as a tool for strengthening bilateral ties between India and its neighbours.
- Soft power projection: Utilizing shared Buddhist heritage to foster regional goodwill
- Cultural diplomacy: Strengthening civilisational bonds to counter geopolitical shifts
- People-to-people ties: Leveraging religious tourism and heritage to enhance bilateral cooperation
Keywords: Soft Power · Cultural Diplomacy · Civilisational Bonds · Bilateral Relations · Heritage Diplomacy
Why in news: The Supreme Court stayed a Madras High Court interim order that had blocked the Tamil Nadu government's provision to appoint Vice-Chancellors at state universities.
The Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice of India Surya Kant, ruled that the State of Tamil Nadu deserved a fair hearing. The court directed the Madras High Court to decide on the matter within six weeks.
Prelims pointers (3)
- BodySupreme Court of India: The apex court that stayed the Madras High Court's interim order.
- PostChief Justice of India Surya Kant: Presided over the bench that overturned the High Court's order.
- FactSix-week timeline: The duration within which the High Court was directed to decide the matter.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the constitutional balance between state autonomy in university administration and the judicial oversight of executive provisions regarding academic leadership.
- Executive autonomy: State rights to manage university administration vs judicial scrutiny of appointment provisions
- Procedural fairness: Requirement of a fair hearing for state governments in matters of academic governance
Keywords: Judicial Review · State Autonomy · Executive Provision · Academic Governance · Fair Hearing
Why in news: Bihar CM Nitish Kumar announced a plan to establish degree colleges in all 534 blocks of the state and create 55 'Centres of Excellence' to improve higher education access.
The Bihar government allocated ₹68,216.95 crore to the Education Department and ₹8,012.34 crore to the newly created Higher Education Department. The initiative aims to provide employment-oriented education and prioritize access for female students.
Prelims pointers (3)
- FactBihar has a total of 534 blocks where degree colleges are planned.
- FactThe Bihar government allocated ₹8,012.34 crore specifically for the newly created Higher Education Department.
- FactThe state plans to develop 55 prestigious educational institutions as 'Centres of Excellence'.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss how decentralizing higher education infrastructure can address gender disparities and rural-urban educational divides in developing states like Bihar.
- Infrastructure gap: Addressing the lack of degree colleges in rural blocks to reduce migration
- Gender parity: Targeted access for girls to improve female literacy and workforce participation
- Quality vs Quantity: Balancing the expansion of colleges with the creation of 'Centres of Excellence' for employment-oriented skills
Keywords: Decentralized Education · Gender Parity · Centres of Excellence · Rural Infrastructure · Human Capital Development
Why in news: Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) wrote to the European Commission expressing concern that the proposed EU-India Free Trade Agreement (FTA) may restrict access to affordable medicines by limiting generic competition.
MSF highlighted that data exclusivity provisions in the FTA could block compulsory licenses and patent term extensions. The organization urged the European Commission to ensure intellectual property proposals do not exceed the requirements of the TRIPS Agreement.
Prelims pointers (3)
- BodyMédecins Sans Frontières (MSF) is an international aid organization.
- Intl. orgTRIPS Agreement: Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights.
- FactMSF's concern focuses on data exclusivity provisions and their impact on generic competition.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the tension between strengthening Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) in Free Trade Agreements and ensuring the right to health and affordable medicine in developing nations.
- TRIPS flexibility: Balancing patent protections with the use of compulsory licenses for public health
- Generic competition: Impact of data exclusivity on the availability of low-cost essential medications
- Trade-Health Nexus: Policy trade-offs between attracting FDI through IPR and ensuring universal healthcare access
Keywords: Intellectual Property Rights · TRIPS Agreement · Data Exclusivity · Compulsory Licensing · Generic Competition · Right to Health
Why in news: The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) is moving forward with a Unified Tourist Visa (GCC Grand Tours Visa) to allow visitors to enter all six member states on a single permit by 2026.
The GCC Unified Visa aims to simplify travel across the six member states by harmonizing border systems and data sharing. The expected cost for the visa is between US $100–$150, with stay options including 30-day periods.
Prelims pointers (4)
- FactGCC Unified Visa expected cost: US $100–$150
- FactGCC Unified Visa stay options include 30-day stays and extended periods
- BodyGCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) consists of six member states
- FactTarget launch year for the Unified Tourist Visa is 2026
Mains angle
Q. Discuss how regional visa integration and harmonized border systems can act as catalysts for economic integration and tourism growth in the Gulf region.
- Economic integration: Boosting intra-regional tourism and trade through simplified mobility
- Logistical harmonization: Challenges in synchronizing data-sharing protocols and border security across six sovereign states
Keywords: Regional Integration · Tourism Growth · Border Harmonization · Economic Cooperation
Why in news: Donald Trump issued a blunt warning to Iran's Supreme Leader, stating that Iran would face severe consequences if it attempts to restart its nuclear program.
Donald Trump claimed that Iran recently attempted to access previously targeted nuclear facilities but failed due to US strikes. He further alleged that the US has detected plans for a new nuclear site in another part of Iran.
Prelims pointers (2)
- FactDonald Trump claimed US military action against Iran has reduced regional fears and contributed to Middle East peace
- FactTrump stated Iran's attempt to access previously targeted nuclear facilities was unsuccessful due to US strikes
Mains angle
Q. Examine the implications of US-Iran nuclear tensions on regional stability and the efficacy of unilateral military actions in curbing nuclear proliferation.
- Geopolitical friction: Impact of US-led sanctions and strikes on Iran's domestic nuclear infrastructure
- Regional security: Shift in Middle Eastern power dynamics following US military intervention claims
- Nuclear non-proliferation: Effectiveness of military deterrence versus diplomatic frameworks in Iran
Keywords: Nuclear Proliferation · Regional Stability · Military Deterrence · Geopolitical Friction · Non-proliferation
Why in news: The Economic Survey and various state governments are recommending age-based limits on social media use for children following Australia's ban on platforms for those under 16.
Australia has implemented a ban on most social media platforms for children under 16. In India, the Economic Survey and state governments are currently discussing age-based restrictions to curb excessive use.
Prelims pointers (2)
- FactAustralia is the first country to ban most social media platforms for children under 16
- BodyEconomic Survey: A government document recommending age-based limits on social media for children in India
Mains angle
Q. Critically analyze the feasibility of implementing a legal ban on social media for children in India, considering the challenges of age verification and parental responsibility.
- Verification bottleneck: Technical difficulties in authenticating user age without compromising data privacy
- Regulatory friction: Conflict between individual rights to access information and state-led protectionist measures
- Enforcement gap: Difficulty in monitoring private device usage and decentralized social media consumption
Keywords: Digital rights · Age verification · Child protection · Regulatory framework · Parental mediation
GS3 · Economy · S&T · Environment · Security · 18
GS3Economy › Fiscal policy, budget & taxation (GST)Mains Why in news: States including Odisha, Haryana, Gujarat, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu have expressed concern that the 16th Finance Commission's 41% vertical devolution rate prioritizes the Centre's interests over State fiscal pressures.
The 16th Finance Commission maintained the vertical devolution rate at 41%. The Commission argued that cesses and surcharges are necessary for emergencies but acknowledged their long-term impact on standard taxation.
Prelims pointers (2)
- FactVertical devolution rate maintained by the 16th Finance Commission: 41%
- FactStates demanding increase in devolution: Odisha, Haryana, Gujarat, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu
Mains angle
Q. Critically analyze the impact of cesses and surcharges on the fiscal autonomy of States and the federal balance of the Indian economy.
- Fiscal imbalance: Erosion of States' share of the tax pool due to non-devolution of cesses and surcharges
- Constitutional friction: Conflict between Centre's emergency fiscal requirements and States' demand for equitable vertical devolution
Keywords: Vertical Devolution · Fiscal Federalism · Cesses and Surcharges · Tax Devolution · Fiscal Autonomy
Why in news: The Karnataka government approved a ₹67.26 crore AI-powered software to identify hate speech, misinformation, and malicious campaigns on social media to protect women, children, and the public.
The software will be deployed by the Karnataka government to detect deep fakes, bot networks, and multi-language narratives. The project costs ₹67.26 crore and is designed to operate without human interference or partisan benefit.
Prelims pointers (3)
- FactThe cost of the AI-powered software approved by the Karnataka government is ₹67.26 crore.
- S&TThe software is designed to identify deep fakes, bot networks, and multi-language narratives.
- PlaceThe initiative was approved by the Karnataka state cabinet.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the challenges and ethical implications of using AI-powered surveillance to monitor social media for misinformation and hate speech in a democratic framework.
- Privacy-Security Trade-off: Balancing individual freedom of expression against the state's mandate to prevent malicious campaigns.
- Algorithmic Bias: Risks of automated software misidentifying cultural nuances or minority viewpoints as hate speech.
- Accountability Gap: Challenges in ensuring 'no human interference' does not lead to opaque automated censorship.
Keywords: Algorithmic Governance · Digital Sovereignty · Information Integrity · Surveillance Ethics · Deepfakes
Why in news: The Tamil Nadu Higher Education Minister stated that the Supreme Court's decision to overturn a stay on state government amendments for appointing Vice-Chancellors is historically significant.
The Supreme Court remitted the case back to the Madras High Court, which must now decide within six weeks. The Tamil Nadu government also announced a ₹500 crore allocation for research infrastructure at Anna University.
Prelims pointers (2)
- Fact₹500 crore: Allocation by Tamil Nadu government for research infrastructure at Anna University
- BodyMadras High Court: The court tasked with deciding the VC appointment case within six weeks
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the implications of state government intervention in the appointment of Vice-Chancellors on the autonomy of public universities in India.
- Institutional autonomy: Conflict between state executive control and academic independence
- Regulatory friction: Balancing state-led infrastructure funding with university administrative freedom
Keywords: Academic Autonomy · Executive Intervention · Higher Education Governance · Federalism in Education
GS3Agriculture › Cropping patterns & irrigationPrelims Why in news: Chief Minister M.K. Stalin inaugurated water supply initiatives in Gudiyatham and Madhanur and a commercial complex in Ranipet funded under the AMRUT 2.0 scheme.
The projects in Tamil Nadu are funded by the Centrally-sponsored AMRUT 2.0 scheme with a total outlay of ₹28.47 crore. The Tirupattur project specifically targets water supply to 17 tribal habitations under a ₹4.95-crore initiative by TNDWDB.
Prelims pointers (4)
- SchemeAMRUT 2.0: A Centrally-sponsored scheme for urban water supply and sewerage.
- FactTotal project outlay for water supply and commercial complex: ₹28.47 crore.
- BodyTNDWDB: The body responsible for water supply in Tirupattur project.
- PlaceGudiyatham, Madhanur, and Ranipet: Locations of the new water and commercial infrastructure in Tamil Nadu.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the role of urban and rural water infrastructure in ensuring social equity and supporting local commerce in developing states.
- Infrastructure gap: Addressing irregular water supply in summer months for household stability
- Social inclusion: Targeted water supply to tribal habitations to bridge rural-urban disparity
- Economic integration: Providing dedicated commercial spaces to formalize trader and driver logistics
Keywords: AMRUT 2.0 · Water Security · Tribal Welfare · Urban Infrastructure · Rural Development
GS3Environment & Ecology › Species, protected areas & wetlandsPrelims Why in news: The Mysuru district administration launched the 'Mysuru Tree Audit 2025–26' in collaboration with the Bherunda Foundation to map and assess the city's tree population for urban planning.
The project covers 65 wards in Mysuru and has already mapped 48,000 trees. It involves geo-tagging, growth parameter analysis, and health assessments to identify threats like diseases and root damage.
Prelims pointers (4)
- PlaceMysuru Tree Audit 2025–26 covers 65 wards in Mysuru district
- Fact48,000 trees have been mapped as part of the initial audit
- BodyBherunda Foundation is the primary NGO partner leading the census and volunteer training
- FactThe audit includes geo-tagging and carbon stock assessment
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the importance of urban biodiversity mapping and tree audits in formulating sustainable urban planning and climate-resilient city policies in India.
- Data-driven planning: Using geo-tagged health assessments to prioritize urban greening and mitigate heat island effects
- Community-led conservation: Leveraging civil society and volunteer training to ensure long-term maintenance of urban carbon stocks
Keywords: Urban Biodiversity · Carbon Stock · Geo-tagging · Climate Resilience · Citizen Science
GS3Economy › Infrastructure (energy, ports, roads, railways)Prelims Why in news: Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone Limited (APSEZ) reported record-breaking container throughput and operational benchmarks at the Vizhinjam International Seaport in January 2026.
The Vizhinjam International Seaport handled 1,23,092 Twenty-foot Equivalent Units (TEUs) in January 2026 across 62 vessels. It achieved a Gross Crane Rate (GCR) of 30.12 container lifts per hour, ranking 83rd globally by volume.
Prelims pointers (5)
- FactVizhinjam International Seaport handled 1,23,092 TEUs in January 2026
- FactThe port reached a Gross Crane Rate (GCR) of 30.12 container lifts per hour
- FactVizhinjam port ranked 83rd globally among container ports by volume in January 2026
- PlaceVizhinjam International Seaport is located in Kerala
- BodyThe port is operated by Adani Ports and Special Economic Zone Limited (APSEZ) under a PPP model
Mains angle
Q. Examine how the development of deep-water ports like Vizhinjam contributes to India's maritime trade ambitions and regional connectivity.
- Logistics efficiency: High Gross Crane Rates reducing turnaround time for transshipment
- Geographical advantage: Natural depths and breakwaters minimizing dredging costs
- PPP Model: Leveraging private capital for large-scale maritime infrastructure
Keywords: transshipment · maritime infrastructure · PPP model · logistics efficiency · deep-water port
Why in news: The Union Home Minister, ENPO, and Nagaland Government signed a tripartite agreement to establish the Frontier Nagaland Territorial Authority to address autonomy and development demands in Eastern Nagaland.
A tripartite agreement was signed on February 5, 2026, in Delhi between the Union Home Ministry, the Nagaland Government, and the Eastern Nagaland People’s Organisation (ENPO). The Home Ministry will provide funding and support for the new authority.
Prelims pointers (4)
- BodyFrontier Nagaland Territorial Authority: A body established to address autonomy and development in Eastern Nagaland.
- FactThe agreement was signed on February 5, 2026, in Delhi.
- PostAmit Shah: Union Home Minister of India.
- FactThe Home Ministry is the primary funding body for the Frontier Nagaland Territorial Authority.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the significance of territorial authorities in addressing the aspirations of border regions and ensuring internal security in Northeast India.
- Administrative decentralization: Balancing regional autonomy demands with the overarching requirements of national security and border integrity.
- Developmental parity: Addressing infrastructure and economic disparities in frontier zones to mitigate secessionist sentiments.
Keywords: Territorial Authority · Internal Security · Regional Autonomy · Border Management · Federalism
Why in news: Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL) announced that five Tejas Mk-1A light combat aircraft are ready for delivery to the Indian Air Force (IAF) to address the current squadron shortage.
HAL is fulfilling an order of 83 Tejas Mk-1A light combat aircraft for the IAF. The IAF's current fighter squadron strength is 30, which is below the officially sanctioned strength of 42.
Prelims pointers (4)
- S&TTejas Mk-1A: Light combat aircraft being manufactured by Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd (HAL)
- FactIAF sanctioned fighter squadron strength: 42
- FactIAF current fighter squadron strength: 30
- PostGE Aerospace: Supplier of engines for the Tejas Mk-1A aircraft
Mains angle
Q. Examine the challenges in indigenous aircraft manufacturing in India and discuss the significance of the Tejas Mk-1A in enhancing the IAF's operational readiness.
- Supply chain bottleneck: Delays in engine procurement from GE Aerospace affecting production timelines
- Indigenization gap: Balancing rapid induction of aircraft with the resolution of design and development issues
- Strategic capability: Addressing the deficit between sanctioned and current fighter squadron numbers
Keywords: indigenous manufacturing · defense procurement · operational readiness · supply chain management · strategic autonomy
Why in news: IIT Guwahati researchers developed a machine learning-based method to predict glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) in the Eastern Himalayas by analyzing geomorphology.
The study, published in Nature Scientific Reports, analyzed over 12,000 grid locations using high-resolution satellite imagery and digital elevation models. It identifies areas with high likelihood of future lake formation by focusing on physical land structure rather than just climate data.
Prelims pointers (4)
- S&TMachine learning was used to estimate the probability of glacial lake formation at specific grid locations.
- FactThe research analyzed over 12,000 grid locations in the Eastern Himalayas.
- PlaceThe study specifically focuses on the Eastern Himalayas region.
- S&TThe method utilizes geomorphology (physical shape and structure of land) as a primary predictor for GLOFs.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss how the integration of machine learning and geomorphological data can enhance disaster risk reduction and infrastructure planning in the Himalayan region.
- Predictive accuracy: Transitioning from climate-only models to geomorphological analysis for localized flood risk
- Infrastructure resilience: Informing engineering standards for roads and dams in high-risk GLOF zones
- Early warning systems: Leveraging high-resolution satellite imagery for real-time hazard monitoring
Keywords: Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) · Geomorphology · Machine Learning · Disaster Risk Reduction · Eastern Himalayas
Why in news: Twelve Maoist cadres, including eight women with a collective bounty of ₹46 lakh, surrendered to the Bastar police in Chhattisgarh's Bijapur district under the 'Poona Margem' initiative.
Twelve Maoist cadres surrendered in Bijapur district, Chhattisgarh, on February 5, 2026. The group surrendered weapons and explosives under the Bastar police's 'Poona Margem' (rehabilitation to social reintegration) initiative, with each individual eligible for ₹50,000 in immediate assistance.
Prelims pointers (4)
- FactA collective bounty of ₹46 lakh was associated with the 12 surrendered Maoist cadres.
- SchemePoona Margem is the Bastar police initiative for rehabilitation to social reintegration.
- FactEach surrendering Maoist is eligible for immediate assistance of ₹50,000.
- PlaceThe surrender took place in the Bijapur district of Chhattisgarh.
Mains angle
Q. Examine how the combination of security operations and developmental schemes contributes to the declining influence of Left Wing Extremism in India's tribal heartlands.
- Developmental synergy: Improved road connectivity and government schemes reducing the vacuum for insurgent influence
- Rehabilitation efficacy: Transitioning from security-centric operations to social reintegration models for surrendered cadres
Keywords: Left Wing Extremism · Social Reintegration · Internal Security · Developmental Strategy · Counter-insurgency
GS3Economy › Infrastructure (energy, ports, roads, railways)Mains Why in news: The Public Accounts Committee (PAC) criticized Indian Railways for charging full fares for RAC tickets without full berths and recommended partial refunds and a review of 'Superfast' train classifications.
The Public Accounts Committee (PAC) recommended that Indian Railways refund partial fares to passengers who pay full charges but receive only a shared berth under the RAC category. The committee also proposed a target for trains to achieve a consistent speed of 100 kmph by 2030.
Prelims pointers (2)
- FactThe PAC recommended a consistent speed of 100 kmph for trains by 2030.
- FactThe committee expressed concern over trains running below 55 kmph being classified as 'Superfast'.
Mains angle
Q. Critically examine the need for rationalizing railway fare structures and speed classifications to ensure passenger-centric service delivery in India's expanding rail network.
- Consumer rights: Disparity between full fare payment and partial berth allocation under RAC
- Operational efficiency: Technical feasibility of achieving consistent 100 kmph speeds by 2030
- Regulatory oversight: Need for transparent criteria in 'Superfast' train categorization to prevent fare-speed mismatch
Keywords: Public Accounts Committee · Passenger rights · Infrastructure rationalization · Service delivery · Fare structure
GS3Internal Security › Terrorism & insurgency (J&K, North-East)Prelims + Mains Why in news: The Supreme Court adjourned the hearing on a plea challenging the detention of Sonam Wangchuk under the National Security Act (NSA) to February 9, 2026.
The Supreme Court, comprising Justice Aravind Kumar and Justice PB Varale, is hearing a plea by Gitanjali J. Angmo against her husband's detention. The Centre alleges Wangchuk was responsible for violence in Leh last year, while the petitioner claims the detention is illegal and arbitrary.
Prelims pointers (2)
- Act / BillNational Security Act (NSA): Law used by the Centre to justify the detention of Sonam Wangchuk.
- FactThe Supreme Court rescheduled the hearing of the plea to February 9, 2026.
Mains angle
Q. Examine the balance between state security requirements and individual liberties under the National Security Act, highlighting the necessity of judicial oversight in preventive detention.
- Due process conflict: Balancing executive power to curb violence against the right to personal liberty.
- Judicial scrutiny: Role of the judiciary in ensuring non-arbitrary application of preventive detention laws.
- Rule of law: Ensuring transparency in the invocation of the National Security Act against activists.
Keywords: Preventive detention · Rule of law · Judicial review · National Security Act · Arbitrary detention
GS3Economy › Infrastructure (energy, ports, roads, railways)Prelims Why in news: The Union Finance Ministry released the first tranche of ₹259.36 crore to Telangana's Gram Panchayats as part of the 15th Finance Commission Rural Local Bodies grants.
The Centre released ₹259.36 crore to Gram Panchayats in Telangana. The funding is part of the 15th Finance Commission Rural Local Bodies (RLB) grants. The delay in funding for the 2024-25 and 2025-26 financial years was due to the deferment of Gram Panchayat elections.
Prelims pointers (4)
- Fact₹259.36 crore released as the first tranche to Telangana Gram Panchayats
- BodyUnion Finance Ministry is the body responsible for releasing the RLB grants
- FactFunding was stalled for the 2024-25 and 2025-26 financial years
- Body15th Finance Commission Rural Local Bodies (RLB) grants are the source of funding
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the significance of Finance Commission grants in strengthening the fiscal capacity of Rural Local Bodies and the impact of electoral delays on rural development.
- Fiscal autonomy: Dependency of Gram Panchayats on central grants for basic infrastructure
- Governance bottleneck: Impact of delayed local elections on the continuity of rural development projects
Keywords: Fiscal Federalism · Decentralized Planning · Local Governance · Gram Panchayat · Finance Commission
GS3Economy › Industry, investment & MSMEsPrelims Why in news: The Tamil Nadu Cabinet approved 15 investment proposals worth ₹34,237.39 crore to boost industrial growth and employment.
The Cabinet approved investments from companies including Kaynes Circuit Limited, Johnson Electric, and Evervan Kothari Footwear Limited. The projects aim to generate employment for approximately 55,000 people and include initiatives in shipbuilding, solar energy, and car manufacturing.
Prelims pointers (4)
- FactTotal investment approved by Tamil Nadu Cabinet: ₹34,237.39 crore
- FactEstimated employment generation: 55,000 people
- FactKey industrial sectors for investment: shipbuilding, solar energy, and car manufacturing
- FactKey companies involved: Kaynes Circuit Limited, Johnson Electric, and Evervan Kothari Footwear Limited
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the role of state-led industrial policies in fostering regional economic development and employment generation in India.
- Infrastructure synergy: Alignment of industrial clusters with state-specific logistics and energy infrastructure
- Employment multiplier: Impact of manufacturing investments on local skill development and rural-urban labor migration
Keywords: Industrial Policy · Employment Generation · Investment Climate · Manufacturing Hubs · State Governance
GS3Science & Technology › Biotechnology & health researchPrelims Why in news: The H-ELP Foundation and Wildlife Trust of India (WTI) collaborated to train mahouts at Manas National Park in Assam using Australian-inspired positive reinforcement techniques for elephant welfare.
The training program replaces traditional mahout practices with modern, evidence-based methods such as voice commands and hand signals. It aims to improve the welfare of captive Asian elephants and ensure safer handling for mahouts during veterinary care and daily tasks.
Prelims pointers (4)
- BodyWildlife Trust of India (WTI): An organization involved in the elephant training collaboration.
- PlaceManas National Park: The site in Assam where the training is being conducted.
- FactPositive reinforcement techniques: Includes the use of voice commands and hand signals to replace traditional methods.
- EnvironmentAsian elephants: The specific species targeted for improved welfare and captive management.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the importance of transitioning from traditional to evidence-based animal welfare practices in wildlife conservation and captive management in India.
- Ethical shift: Moving from coercive traditional methods to positive reinforcement for animal welfare
- Safety protocols: Reducing human-wildlife conflict risks during veterinary interventions and daily handling
- Knowledge transfer: Leveraging international expertise to standardize captive elephant management in India
Keywords: Positive reinforcement · Animal welfare · Evidence-based training · Human-elephant conflict · Wildlife conservation
GS3Economy › Infrastructure (energy, ports, roads, railways)Prelims Why in news: Bihar Energy Minister Bijendra Prasad Yadav announced a Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) for a solar energy and battery storage project in Lakhisarai to bolster the state's energy infrastructure.
The Bihar State Power Generation Company Limited (BSPGCL) signed a PPA for a 185 MW solar energy and 282 MWh battery storage project in Kajra, Lakhisarai. The project aims to add 301 MW solar energy and 523 MWh battery storage capacity by January 2027.
Prelims pointers (4)
- FactProject capacity: 185 MW solar energy and 282 MWh battery storage in Kajra, Lakhisarai.
- FactTarget operational date: January 2027.
- BodyBSPGCL: Bihar State Power Generation Company Limited.
- BodyBSPHCL: Bihar State Power Holding Company Limited.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss the significance of integrating battery energy storage systems (BESS) with solar power to achieve India's renewable energy targets.
- Grid stability: Mitigating intermittency of solar power through large-scale battery storage capacity
- Decarbonization: Reducing carbon intensity of state power grids to meet global warming targets
Keywords: Renewable Energy · Battery Energy Storage · Power Purchase Agreement · Grid Stability · Decarbonization
Why in news: The Telangana government unveiled AI-driven tools, including an AI-powered voice agent and a rule-based investigation tool, at the SHIELD 2026 conclave to enhance cyber policing.
The Telangana State Cyber Security Bureau showcased tools for managing child sexual abuse material and preventing online fraud. The SHIELD 2026 conclave in Hyderabad also featured collaborations with Meta to prevent suicides and demonstrations of robotic dogs and humanoid robots.
Prelims pointers (4)
- S&TAI-powered voice agent and rule-based investigation tools were developed by the Telangana State Cyber Security Bureau.
- FactThe SHIELD 2026 conclave was held in Hyderabad, Telangana.
- S&TRobotic dogs and humanoid robots were demonstrated as part of the cyber policing technology showcase.
- BodyThe Telangana State Cyber Security Bureau is the body responsible for developing the showcased digital initiatives.
Mains angle
Q. Discuss how the integration of Artificial Intelligence in cyber policing can enhance proactive crime prevention while addressing concerns regarding data privacy and algorithmic bias.
- Technological asymmetry: Rapid evolution of cybercrime tactics outpacing traditional policing frameworks
- Data integrity risks: Challenges in ensuring the reliability of AI-driven evidence in judicial proceedings
- Privacy-Security trade-off: Balancing intrusive surveillance capabilities with individual data protection rights
Keywords: Cyber Policing · Artificial Intelligence · Digital Forensics · Proactive Policing · Cybercrime Mitigation
Why in news: A Maoist was killed in a joint security operation in Bijapur, Chhattisgarh, contributing to a rising death toll of insurgents in the state this year.
The encounter took place in the Bijapur district of Chhattisgarh on a Thursday. Security forces recovered an AK-47 rifle during the operation. This marks the 23rd Maoist death in Chhattisgarh in 2026.
Prelims pointers (3)
- Fact23 Maoist deaths recorded in Chhattisgarh as of February 2026
- PlaceBijapur district is a primary site for Left-Wing Extremism (LWE) activities in Chhattisgarh
- FactThe Centre has set a deadline of March 31st for the eradication of Left-Wing Extremism
Mains angle
Q. Analyze the multi-pronged strategy adopted by the Indian government to combat Left-Wing Extremism in the 'Red Corridor' and the hurdles in achieving total eradication.
- Intelligence gap: Difficulty in identifying deep-cover Maoist cells in dense forest terrains
- Developmental lag: Correlation between lack of infrastructure and recruitment by extremist groups
- Security-Development nexus: Balancing kinetic operations with long-term socio-economic integration programs
Keywords: Left-Wing Extremism · Internal Security · Counter-insurgency · Red Corridor · Security-Development Nexus
Notes are generated automatically from SatyaDheesh's news feed and mapped to the UPSC CSE syllabus. Check facts against the original report or PIB before using them in an answer.