Tamil Nadu Logs Nearly 45,000 Fewer Births in 2025: Fertility Rate Plummets

Why in news

Tamil Nadu recorded a 5.3% decline in births in 2025 compared to 2024, highlighting a long-term fertility drop below replacement levels.

Background

Tamil Nadu's births fell from 8.47 lakh in 2024 to 8.02 lakh in 2025. Experts T. Sundararaman and S. Irudaya Rajan noted that the total fertility rate fell below replacement level nearly two decades ago.

Facts for Prelims

• FactTamil Nadu births in 2025: 8.02 lakh
• FactTamil Nadu births in 2024: 8.47 lakh
• FactBirth decline percentage in Tamil Nadu (2024-2025): 5.3%

For Mains

Q. Discuss the socio-economic implications of sub-replacement fertility rates in Indian states like Tamil Nadu and suggest policy measures to address the resulting demographic shifts.

Dimensions to cover in your answer

• Demographic dividend inversion: Rising dependency ratio and shrinking workforce impacting state productivity
• Social security strain: Increasing demand for elderly care infrastructure and pension sustainability
• Human capital shift: Transition from population growth to improving living standards and childcare access

Keywords: Total Fertility Rate · Replacement Level · Demographic Transition · Dependency Ratio · Human Development

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