With reference to the maritime agreement between India and Pakistan, consider the following statements: 1. The agreement was established in 1991 to manage naval movements in international waters. 2. The agreement requires ships and submarines to maintain a minimum distance of three nautical miles. 3. The naval collision occurred in the Bay of Bengal. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

India Summons Pakistan Over Naval Collision in Arabian Sea

GS2Polity · Governance · IR· India's bilateral relations· Prelims· 16 September 2026

Maritime security and bilateral de-confliction protocols: a relevant GS2 International Relations topic.

Why in news

India summoned Pakistan's charge d'Affaires to protest a naval collision in the Arabian Sea, accusing Pakistan of violating a 1991 bilateral agreement.

Background

The collision occurred in international waters in the Arabian Sea between an Indian warship and a Pakistani naval ship. India alleged the incident violated a 1991 agreement requiring ships and submarines to maintain a minimum distance of three nautical miles.

Facts for Prelims

Fact1991 bilateral agreement: Requires naval ships and submarines of India and Pakistan to keep at least three nautical miles apart in international waters
PlaceArabian Sea: Location of the naval collision between Indian and Pakistani ships
PostCharge d'Affaires: The diplomatic rank of the Pakistani official summoned by India in New Delhi

Prelims practice question

With reference to the maritime agreement between India and Pakistan, consider the following statements:

The agreement was established in 1991 to manage naval movements in international waters.
The agreement requires ships and submarines to maintain a minimum distance of three nautical miles.
The naval collision occurred in the Bay of Bengal.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a)1 only
(b)2 only
(c)1 and 2 only
(d)1 and 3 only

Show answer

Answer: (c) 1 and 2 only — Statements 1 and 2 are correct. Statement 3 is incorrect: The collision occurred in the Arabian Sea.

For Mains

Q. Discuss the significance of maritime bilateral agreements in managing naval tensions and ensuring maritime security in the Arabian Sea between India and Pakistan.

Dimensions to cover in your answer

Maritime safety: Risk of escalation in international waters due to lack of clear de-confliction protocols
Diplomatic friction: Impact of downgraded diplomatic ties on the enforcement of bilateral military agreements

Keywords: maritime security · bilateral agreement · de-confliction · diplomatic protest · international waters

Read the full news →Source: Al Jazeera ↗

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