India Takes Control of Hyderabad September 13-17 1948 Ending Its Autonomy

Why in news

The historical integration of Hyderabad into the Indian Union in September 1948 is highlighted as a pivotal moment ending the Nizam's autonomy.

Background

Between September 13–17, 1948, India took control of Hyderabad after the Nizam Mir Osman Ali Khan resisted integration. The operation, known as Operation Polo or Police Action, followed failed diplomatic efforts by PM Jawaharlal Nehru and Deputy PM Vallabhbhai Patel.

Facts for Prelims

• PostMir Osman Ali Khan: The Nizam of Hyderabad who resisted integration into India.
• FactOperation Polo: The military action taken by India to integrate Hyderabad in September 1948.

For Mains

Q. Analyze the significance of the integration of princely states, specifically Hyderabad, in the consolidation of the Indian Union post-independence.

Dimensions to cover in your answer

• Security dilemma: Addressing the threat of independent princely states to national integrity
• Diplomatic failure: Transition from Nehru-Patel diplomatic pressure to military 'Police Action'
• Communal stability: Maintenance of peace and prevention of communal violence during territorial integration

Keywords: Princely States · Integration · Operation Polo · National Integrity · Diplomatic Pressure

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