War on Iran threatens Asia’s food supply as fertiliser prices surge

Why in news

Iran's attacks on Gulf gas plants have disrupted fertilizer shipments, threatening to cause record food prices and lower crop yields in India and Pakistan by autumn 2026.

Background

Attacks on Gulf gas plants have disrupted fertilizer shipments, leading to shortages. The situation is expected to impact crop yields and increase commodity prices for grains and animal feed in India and Pakistan.

Facts for Prelims

• FactFertilizer shortages are expected to cause record food prices by autumn 2026
• PlaceGulf gas plants are the site of the attacks disrupting shipments
• FactImpacted countries include India and Pakistan

For Mains

Q. Analyze the vulnerability of India's food security to geopolitical disruptions in the Middle East and suggest measures to mitigate fertilizer supply chain risks.

Dimensions to cover in your answer

• Supply chain vulnerability: High dependence on Middle Eastern gas for nitrogen-based fertilizer production
• Inflationary pressure: Risk of food price spikes affecting rural livelihoods and urban food security
• Strategic autonomy: Need for diversified fertilizer sourcing and domestic production capacity

Keywords: Food Security · Supply Chain Disruption · Geopolitical Risk · Agri-inflation · Fertilizer Shortage

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