Transforming India’s nuclear power landscape
GS3Economy · S&T · Environment · Security· Infrastructure (energy, ports, roads, railways)· Prelims + Mains·
Why in news
Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced a target to increase India's installed nuclear power generation capacity to 100 GW by 2047 to achieve net-zero emissions by 2070.
Background
The SHANTI Act (Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India) was passed in December 2025 to facilitate private sector participation in nuclear energy. The government aims to reach 100 GW of nuclear capacity by 2047 as part of the 'Viksit Bharat' initiative.
Facts for Prelims
- FactTarget nuclear power generation capacity: 100 GW by 2047
- Act / BillSHANTI Act (Sustainable Harnessing and Advancement of Nuclear Energy for Transforming India) passed in December 2025
- S&TSmall Modular Reactors (SMRs) identified as a key area for indigenous research
- FactNet-zero emissions target: 2070
For Mains
Q. Discuss the role of nuclear energy in achieving India's net-zero goals and the significance of private sector participation in the nuclear power landscape.
Dimensions to cover in your answer
- Regulatory hurdle: Balancing private investment incentives with stringent nuclear safety and liability protocols
- Technological transition: Scaling indigenous Small Modular Reactor (SMR) research to provide reliable baseload power
- Waste management: Addressing long-term radioactive waste disposal and environmental safety in a decentralized nuclear grid
Keywords: Baseload power · Net-zero emissions · Small Modular Reactors · Private-public partnership · Viksit Bharat
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