Below-normal monsoon forecast dooms already stressed Indian aquifers, impacting millions
GS3Economy · S&T · Environment · Security· Cropping patterns & irrigation· Prelims + Mains·
Why in news
The India Meteorological Department's forecast of below-normal monsoon rainfall due to El Niño poses a severe threat to India's already stressed groundwater aquifers.
Background
India is the world's largest groundwater user, extracting approximately 251 cubic kilometers annually, primarily for irrigation. Punjab is identified as the most stressed state for groundwater, followed by Rajasthan, Haryana, and Delhi.
Facts for Prelims
- FactIndia extracts approximately 251 cubic kilometers of groundwater annually.
- PlacePunjab, Rajasthan, Haryana, and Delhi are identified as highly stressed groundwater regions.
- S&TEl Niño conditions are cited as a primary driver for below-normal monsoon rainfall forecasts.
- BodyIndia Meteorological Department (IMD) is the nodal agency for monsoon forecasting.
For Mains
Q. Discuss the challenges of groundwater depletion in India's agrarian heartlands and suggest measures to ensure sustainable water management for irrigation.
Dimensions to cover in your answer
- impact on food security
- aquifer depletion rates
- technological interventions (micro-irrigation)
- policy framework for groundwater regulation
Keywords: aquifer recharge · El Niño · water stress · sustainable irrigation · groundwater extraction
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